Influence of habitat diversity and substratum on the composition of Essay

Impact of natural surroundings decent variety and foundation on the creation of macroinvertebrate networks from riverine frameworks - Essay Example They are a key segment of the evolved way of life and their bounty and assorted variety have been utilized to evaluate the environment wellbeing and bio decent variety in a given natural surroundings. An extremely ongoing examination by Leroy et al iexamined the general significance of litter quality and stream attributes in deciding decay rate and full scale invertebrate collection living on fall shed leaves. The decay paces of five riparian tree species (Populus fermonti, Alnus oblongifolnia, Platanus wrightii, Faxinus velutina, Quercus gambelli) were analyzed across three south - western streams in the Verde River catchments (Arizona, U.S.A). Additionally to test whether plant species decent variety influences rate, the deterioration of three and five species blends was contrasted with that of a solitary animal types. The outcomes demonstrated that disintegration rate was influenced by both litter quality and stream albeit litter quality represented the vast majority of the variety. The general significance of litter amount was appeared to diminish from 97% in the primary week to 45% by the eighth week. It was additionally discovered that the pace of decay expanded generally wh en all the species included were exceptionally labile. The most critical result of this investigation was the distinction in invertebrate collection, which appeared to be more articulated across streams than across leaf litter species inside a stream. There was additionally a critical contrast between the invertebrate collection colonizing leaf blends contrasted with that colonizing unadulterated species litter, demonstrating non - added substance properties of litter assorted variety on stream spineless creatures. The finish of the examination was that leaf litter decent variety has the ability to influence in - stream deterioration rates and stream spineless creatures yet these impacts rely upon both litter quality and stream attributes. An exploration directed in Griffith University, Australiaii examined the essential standards and natural outcomes of adjusted stream regimens for sea-going bio-decent variety. The article expressed that the stream routine is viewed as the essential factor administering waterway and flood plain wetland biological systems. Four key standards featured the significant components that interface hydrology and sea-going bio decent variety and the effects of change in the stream systems: 1. Stream assumes a significant job in deciding the physical territory in streams, which impacts the biotic creation. 2. The development of amphibian species has an immediate reaction to the normal stream systems. 3. The suitability of populaces of numerous riverine species requires upkeep of normal examples of longitudinal and horizontal availability. 4. The modification in stream systems encourages the attack and accomplishment of outlandish and presented species in riverine frameworks. Wide scopes of scientific classifications are affected by changed stream systems including riverine plants, spineless creatures and fish. An investigation by Douglas et al iii related full scale invertebrate network structure to physical, substance and natural slopes in move through developed wetlands accepting optionally rewarded residential wastewater and lower supplement stream water in Ohio, U.S.A. Benthic colonization plates and rise traps were utilized to gather full scale spineless creatures which were then broke down with decent variety, biotic and blend records and identified with seventeen boundaries of water quality, substrate attributes and essential efficiency in both wetland frameworks. 36 and 39 full scale invertebrate

The City Of Greensburg Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The City Of Greensburg - Essay Example The current clearing program by the Department of Emergency Department apparently neglects to perceive the nearness of the powerless populace particularly the individuals who are impaired or the individuals who are experiencing constant ailments. Note that the City Council has ensured that every single open structure are effectively available by the debilitated individuals and even homes where there is a handicapped individual are encouraged to guarantee that the home takes into consideration simple development of the crippled individual. This is an incredible way empowers the simple clearing of incapacitated individuals or individuals experiencing interminable diseases that impede their development, in the event that a calamity occurs.Intensive consideration units in human services offices typically cook for defenseless patients of which some of them rely upon life bolster machines that are fueled by power and along these lines, if there should arise an occurrence of a force power o utage there are probably going to kick the bucket. Be that as it may, social insurance offices in the City of Greensburg as well as in many pieces of the nation have a force back up or generators that resolve on promptly there is a force power outage and thus, guaranteeing that defenseless patients are not influenced. All things considered, in the event of a calamity, the generators may even neglect to give force and patients will be moved to other medicinal services offices where there is power. The clearing of patients from offices that have been influenced by a debacle to more secure offices. On the off chance that the seriousness of the calamity isn't high to a degree that streets are difficult to reach.

The Role Of A Teacher

The Role Of A Teacher While you guys are waiting for decisions to be released, heres a topic that I think is worthy of discussion. Normally I dont enter this sort of territory with my blog, but I think its directly relevant to your age group and the journey towards college. As you guys are among the smartest and most thoughtful high school students in the world, Im really interested in what you have to say about this. Im referring to the story about the teacher in Colorado who was suspended for his remarks in the classroom. No doubt youve heard about it, as it is getting a lot of press heres one of many examples. By asking you for your opinions on this I am taking a risk, because this thread CANT devolve into a left versus right political debate. Its just not appropriate for an MIT admissions blog, and Id have to pull it if that happened. Its not that Im not interested in your political views; this just isnt the right forum in which to discuss them. So what Im asking you to discuss is not in regards to the political substance of the teachers comments. Rather, Im curious to know what you think about his actions in terms of educating his students. Was the manner in which he got his class fired up appropriate? Do you think he was successful in helping his students to come to their own conclusions? Do you think he was trying to influence them with his own agenda or simply trying to get them thinking? Again, this teacher was clearly left-leaning but could just as easily have been right-leaning. Therefore this is not a question of politics. Its a discussion about teaching and whats appropriate in the classroom. The thing that made me angriest about this whole thing was that I kept hearing over and over again throughout the medias coverage of this that 16-year-olds are so impressionable that we have to protect them from things like this. Excuse me? Granted its been a few years since I was 16, but I think 16-year-olds are perfectly capable of thinking for themselves and coming to their own conclusions. In that light, your words will speak loudest of all, so lets hear them.

The Sino-Indian War of 1962

In 1962, the worlds two most populous countries went to war. The Sino-Indian War claimed about 2,000 lives  and played out in the harsh terrain of the Karakoram Mountains, some 4,270 meters (14,000 feet) above sea level. Background to the War The primary cause of the 1962 war between India and China was the disputed border between the two countries, in the high mountains of Aksai Chin. India asserted that the region, which is slightly larger than Portugal, belonged to the Indian-controlled portion of Kashmir. China countered that it was part of Xinjiang.   The roots of the disagreement go back to the mid 19th century  when the British Raj in India and the Qing Chinese agreed to let the traditional border, wherever that might be, stand as the boundary between their realms. As of 1846, only those sections near the Karakoram Pass and Pangong Lake were clearly delineated; the rest of the border was not formally demarcated.   In 1865, the British Survey of India placed the boundary at the Johnson Line, which included about 1/3 of Aksai Chin within Kashmir. Britain did not consult with the Chinese about this demarcation  because Beijing was no longer in control of Xinjiang at the time. However, the Chinese recaptured Xinjiang in 1878. They gradually pressed forward, and set up boundary markers at Karakoram Pass in 1892, marking off Aksai Chin as part of Xinjiang. The British once again proposed a new border in 1899, known as the Macartney-Macdonald Line, which divided the territory along the Karakoram Mountains and gave India a larger piece of the pie. British India would control all of the Indus River watersheds  while China took the Tarim River watershed. When Britain sent the proposal and map to Beijing, the Chinese did not respond. Both sides accepted this line as settled, for the time being. Britain and China both used the different lines interchangeably, and neither country was particularly concerned since the area was mostly uninhabited and served only as a seasonal trading route. China had more pressing concerns with the fall of the Last Emperor and the end of the Qing Dynasty in 1911, which set off the Chinese Civil War. Britain would soon have World War I to contend with, as well. By 1947, when India gained its independence and maps of the subcontinent were redrawn in the Partition, the issue of Aksai Chin remained unresolved. Meanwhile, Chinas civil war would continue for two more years, until Mao Zedong and the Communists prevailed in 1949. The creation of Pakistan in 1947, the Chinese invasion and annexation of Tibet in 1950, and Chinas construction of a road to connect Xinjiang and Tibet through land claimed by India all complicated the issue. Relations reached a nadir in 1959, when Tibets spiritual and political leader, the Dalai Lama, fled into exile in the face of another Chinese invasion. Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru reluctantly granted the Dalai Lama sanctuary in India, angering Mao immensely.   Sino-Indian War From 1959 forward, border skirmishes broke out along the disputed line. In 1961, Nehru instituted the Forward Policy, in which India tried to establish border outposts and patrols north of Chinese positions, in order to cut them off from their supply line. The Chinese responded in kind, each side seeking to flank the other without direct confrontation. The summer and fall of 1962 saw increasing numbers of border incidents in Aksai Chin. One June skirmish killed more than twenty Chinese troops. In July, India authorized its troops to fire not only in self-defense  but to drive the Chinese back. By October, even as Zhou Enlai was personally assuring Nehru in New Delhi that China did not want war, the Peoples Liberation Army of China (PLA) was massing along the border. The first heavy fighting took place on October 10, 1962, in a skirmish that killed 25 Indian troops and 33 Chinese soldiers. On October 20, the PLA launched a two-pronged attack, seeking to drive the Indians out of Aksai Chin. Within two days, China had seized the entire territory. The main force of the Chinese PLA was 10 miles (16 kilometers) south of the line of control by October 24. During a three-week ceasefire, Zhou Enlai ordered the Chinese to hold their position, as he sent a peace proposal to Nehru. The Chinese proposal was that both sides disengage and withdraw twenty kilometers from their current positions. Nehru responded that the Chinese troops needed to withdraw to their original position instead, and he called for a wider buffer zone. On November 14, 1962, the war resumed with an Indian attack against the Chinese position at Walong. After hundreds of more deaths and an American threat to intervene on behalf of the Indians, the two sides declared a formal ceasefire on November 19. The Chinese announced that they would withdraw from their present positions to the north of the illegal McMahon Line. However, the isolated troops in the mountains did not hear about the ceasefire for several days  and engaged in additional firefights. The war lasted just one month  but killed 1,383 Indian troops and 722 Chinese troops. An additional 1,047 Indians and 1,697 Chinese were wounded, and nearly 4,000 Indian soldiers were captured. Many of the casualties were caused by the harsh conditions at 14,000 feet, rather than by enemy fire. Hundreds of the wounded on both sides died of exposure before their comrades could get medical attention for them. In the end, China retained actual control of the Aksai Chin region. Prime Minister Nehru was roundly criticized at home for his pacifism in the face of Chinese aggression, and for the lack of preparation prior to the Chinese attack.

Reported News on Grad School College Essay Samples Discovered

Reported News on Grad School College Essay Samples Discovered Colleges publish lots and plenty of unique kinds of things, any of which is beneficial for research. The easy answer is it is dependent on what exactly the school is asking, and what exactly you're hoping to do. In the event the college provided question prompts for you to select from when writing the essay, make sure that you answer or handle all prompts appropriately. Besides having an exceptional SAT score, you would have to develop the ideal college essay. Your college essay should contain information that are related to the instruction offered to you. Just because you've already written a college essay for a single university doesn't mean that it may also apply on your next applications. Stephen's essay is quite effective. Before you commence writing your college essay, you may choose to see the essay examplesA that we've listed for you, so that you may have more idea on what things to put in the college essay which you will create. Writing an incredible graduate school essay is most likely a lot more straightforward than you could think. Don't cut and paste the exact same essay for each school. Because you are interested in getting the essay to communicate the very best information about you, you have to do thorough preparation for the sample college admission essays to accomplish its purposes. You would like to utilize your essay for a tool to demonstrate why you need to go to their school, versus simply stating why you wish to go there. By way of example, a why us essay might chat about how very interesting XYZ interdisciplinary project is and the way it fits nicely with your senior project. Have a look at our video on selecting a scholarly essay topic. Citations and extracts from several sources have to be formatted properly. Early research and application is critical. More frequently than not, deadlines for submitting applications are almost always short which makes many possible applicants worry they will not have the capacity to submit their sample essay for MBA application in time. The cost of an essay is dependent upon the quantity of effort the writer has to exert. For a beginning, the usual application essay topics need you to use language that's totally free from language flaws and grammatical mistakes. Thus, the essay is supposed to coincide with the applicant's qualities and interests in order for it to boost the possibilities of admission. Review the prompt thoroughly and plan your essay before you commence writing to make sure that you make an essay which will be an effective and persuasive add-on to your application package. For instance, you might also must compose a personal statement. A personal statement shouldn't be egotistical, but it ought not be modest. It is not a confessional booth. Your own personal statement should incorporate the long-term goals you've got for you career in nursing. Grad School College Essay Samples You will badly hurt your odds of getting into your fantasy school if you falsely represent yourself. Finding an ex pert to help ensures that you receive a superior paper on time whilst leaving you with time to concentrate on other significant regions of your life. Also, there's life outside the classroom. As a consequence, spending money to manage your essays could possibly be challenging. Especially if you'll be moving with your loved ones, show the admissions officers you will thrive in their environment. It is very important to capture the interest of the admission tutors no matter how strict they may appear to be. In addition to its growing cultural and ethnic diversity, State University is turning into a master at developing a niche for each student. Apart from college loans, there's the stress of keeping up a GPA to join the university which you dream about. To begin with, the MPH is intended to be a terminal level, meaning it doesn't usually lead to additional study. Professor Mitchell obtained a grant to have a category of students to Belgium to be able to study the EU. Colleges care about the quantities of acceptances deeply, so it might help to understand you're a sure thing.

Charlotte Beers case report Free Essays

Charlotte Beers Here are some questions relating to the Charlotte Beers case to help you develop your group presentation and individual paper. You are strongly encouraged to generate and respond to other questions of your own choosing. The articles titled Leading by Leveraging Culture and Why Transformation Efforts Fall (HOB, March- April, 1 995), and BD chapter 15 (Integrating Frames †¦ ) can also be particularly helpful. We will write a custom essay sample on Charlotte Beers case report or any similar topic only for you Order Now After attending the presentations of the other groups, your Individual paper should reflect all four frames. Be sure to dullness’s assumptions from facts, and to support inclusions with specific and adequate evidence from the case. Also, be sure organization of the paper is crystal clear and that there are no spelling or other grammatical errors. While it is the substance of your paper that will be graded, it is in your best interest to make sure that access to your thought processes and conclusions is unimpeded by opaque organization or grammatical errors. The length of the paper should be in the range of 5 to 10 pages. Note that for some of the questions there is a brief, fairly obvious answer and that answer is often either wrong or, at best, impoverished. Overall: . What is Beers trying to accomplish as CEO of Googol Matter Worldwide? In terms of structure? HER? Power/politics? Culture/symbolism? 2. What is your assessment of the vision? In terms of each of the four frames, what are the implications of the vision? 3. What is your assessment of the process Beers and her team went through to create the vision in terms of each of the four frames? . What are the key challenges facing Beers at the end of the case in terms of each of the four frames What Is Beers trying to accomplish as CEO of O M? Why was Googol Matter having problems when Beers took over? What were the biggest challenges that she faced? What was her â€Å"taking charge† strategy? How effective has she been so far? Why? What Is your assessment of the balloons? What exactly Is the vision? Is It a â€Å"good vision†? Wh at makes for a â€Å"good balloons†? Is It clear? Is it original? Is it just stating the obvious? How important is originality? How to cite Charlotte Beers case report, Papers

Research Proposal on Face Recognition Essay Example

Research Proposal on Face Recognition Paper Face recognition is the practical branch of pattern recognition, which is aimed at the automatic localization of the face on a photo and if it is required at the identification of the person on the basis of her face. The function of face recognition is already used by a few corporations manufacturing IT products, personal computers and smart phones (for example, the face recognition software Picasa, iPhoto, etc.). The task of face recognition is supposed to be the primary and probably the easiest practical task in the sphere of pattern recognition. There are nine categories of objects which can be recognized as the separate and totally unique symbols: the objects which can be processed (a watch, a cup, keys); the objects which can be partially processed (materials, automobiles, etc); the objects which can not be processed (trees, buildings); faces; mimics; live organisms (human, animal); printed signs (letters, signs, symbols); handwriting; the characteristics and location of the objects of light (the moon and the sun). The computer software which is able to recognize faces is very important for the existence of the human society, because it makes the work of various services easier and more efficient. The most obvious spheres which require the system of face recognition is the police, the armed forces, the sphere of the international relations, etc. It is a great advantage if the police are able to recognize the criminal’s face in the photo or video and with the help of the system identify him and catch him. In addition, the work of customs is seriously improved with the rapid recognition and identification of the person’s face who tries to cross the border. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Face Recognition specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Face Recognition specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Face Recognition specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Face recognition is an important system which can help numerous services with their work. The student is able to analyze the practice of face recognition and evaluate the relevance and effectiveness of this system. One should focus on the purpose of the research, the most thought-provoking and disturbing questions on face recognition and share the expected results with the professor. The student is able to prepare his own project on face recognition and construct the unique system which would identity faces and other objects in the alternative way. A good research proposal is planned to prove to the professor that the topic selected by the student is worth investigating. The Internet is able to provide the young professional with the quality free example research proposal on face recognition prepared by the well-trained writer. It is a brilliant advantage to be able to read a free sample research proposal on face recognition, because the assignment is able to teach students to analyze the problem well and construct the text correctly. At EssayLib.com writing service you can order a custom research proposal on Face Recognition topics. Your proposal will be written from scratch. We hire top-rated PhD and Master’s writers only to provide students with professional research proposal help at affordable rates. Each customer will get a non-plagiarized paper with timely delivery. Just visit our website and fill in the order form with all proposal details: Enjoy our professional research proposal writing service!

Catalase Lab essays

Catalase Lab essays The two purposes of this experiment were to see the effect of enzyme concentration on enzyme activity and to see the effect of temperature on enzyme activity. Enzymes are the most important part of living cells. Cells cant work or carry out there jobs without them. Enzymes act like catalysts in living cells. Catalysts speed up chemical reactions but remain unchanged by it. Enzymes are made of protein. Enzymes are sometimes called enzyme catalysts. There is a specific enzyme for every chemical reaction in the body. The chemicals that enzymes react in are called substrates. An enzyme performs its effect by combining temporarily with its substrate. As a result, a substrate becomes more reactive. The rate of the formation of products increases. Catalase is present in most cells and high concentrations are found in liver and blood cells. Hydrogen peroxide is formed as a by-product of cellular respiration in cells but water is the most common one. Hydrogen peroxide is toxic and would kill cells if it were not immediately broken down or removed. So toxic accumulation does not happen, catalase breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. This reaction is very fast. Each catalase is capable of converting 5,000,000 molecules of hydrogen peroxide per minute at 0Â ° C. I predict that the increase in temperature will effect the enzyme activity by making it higher because our bodies function better at a high temperature so it makes sense that the enzymes that are in us would. I f my prediction is correct, I will have proved that enzyme activity is higher at higher temperatures. I also predict that more concentration of enzymes will result in higher enzyme activity. If my predictions are correct, I will have proved that enzyme activity is higher with higher enzyme concentration. See lab handout entitled Investigating the Enzyme, Catalase. ...

Guil Naquitz (Mexico) - Key Evidence of Maize Domestication History

Guil Naquitz (Mexico) - Key Evidence of Maize Domestication History Guil Naquitz is one of the most important archaeological sites in the Americas, recognized for its breakthrough discoveries in understanding plant domestication. The site was excavated in the 1970s by KV Flannery, using then-new methods of environmental and ecological sampling, and the results of those sampling techniques and other excavations that followed rewrote what archaeologists had previously understood of the timing of plant domestication. Guil Naquitz is a small cave  occupied at least six times between 8000 and 6500 BC, by hunters and gatherers, probably during the fall (October to December) of the year. The cave is in the Tehuacn valley of the state of Oaxaca, Mexico, about 5 kilometers (3 miles) northwest of the town of Mitla. The mouth of the cave opens near the base of a large ignimbrite cliff rising ~300 meters (~1000 feet) above the valley floor. Chronology and Stratigraphy Five natural strata (A-E) were identified in the cave deposits, which extended to a maximum depth of 140 centimeters (55 inches). Unfortunately, only the top strata (A) can be conclusively dated, based on radiocarbon dates from its living floors and pottery which matches Monte Alban IIIB-IV, ca. 700 AD. The dates of the other strata within the cave are to an extent contradictory: but AMS radiocarbon dates on the plant parts discovered within layers B, C, and D have returned dates to nearly 10,000 years ago, well within the Archaic period and, for the time it was discovered, mind-blowingly early. Considerable and heated debate occurred in the 1970s, particularly about the radiocarbon dates from Guila Naquitzs teosinte (precursor to maize) cob fragments, concerns which largely dissipated after similarly old dates for maize were recovered from the San Marcos and Coxcatlan caves in Oaxaca and Puebla, and the Xihuatoxtla site in Guerrero. Macro and Micro Plant Evidence A wide range of plant food was recovered within the cave deposits of Guil Naquitz, including acorns, pinyon, cactus fruits, hackberries, mesquite pods, and most importantly, the wild forms of bottle gourd, squash and beans. Other plants attested at Guila Naquitz chili peppers, amaranth, chenopodium, and agave. This evidence includes plant partspeduncles, seeds, fruits, and rind fragments, but also pollen and phytoliths. Three cobs with plant elements of both  teosinte (the wild progenitor of  maize)  and maize, were found within the deposits and direct-dated by AMS radiocarbon dating to about 5400 years old; they show some signs of domestication. Squash rinds were also radiocarbon dated: they returned dates of approximately 10,000 years ago. Sources This article is a part of the About.com guide to the American Archaic, and the Dictionary of Archaeology. Benz BF. 2001. Archaeological evidence of teosinte domestication from Guil Naquitz, Oaxaca. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 98(4):2105-2106. Crawford GW. 2015. Food Production, Origins of. In: Wright JD, editor. International Encyclopedia of the Social Behavioral Sciences (Second Edition). Oxford: Elsevier. p 300-306. Flannery KV. 1986. Guila Naquitz: Archaic Foraging and Early Agriculture in Oaxaca, Mexico. New York: Academic Press. Marcus J, and Flannery KV. 2004. The coevolution of ritual and society: New 14C dates from ancient Mexico. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 101(52):18257–18261. Piperno DR. 2003. A few kernels short of a cob: on the Staller and Thompson late entry scenario for the introduction of maize into northern South America. Journal of Archaeological Science 30(7):831-836. Schoenwetter J. 1974. Pollen Records of Guila Naquitz Cave. American Antiquity 39(2):292-303. Smith BD. 1997. The Initial Domestication of Cucurbita pepo in the Americas 10,000 Years Ago. Science 276(5314):932-934. Warinner C, Garcia NR, and Tuross N. 2013. Maize, beans and the floral isotopic diversity of highland Oaxaca, Mexico. Journal of Archaeological Science 40(2):868-873.

Do you feel that a manager can motivate employees Why or Why not Assignment

Do you feel that a manager can motivate employees Why or Why not - Assignment Example Managers are therefore responsible to create a working environment that is contributory to the working of individual workers and their actions can have a direct impact on the motivation level of employees. Ranging from their relationship with the subordinates to the handling of complex organizational tasks, the managers have to perform a wide array of activities on routine basis. Human interaction is a very challenging aspect of managerial positions and it is essential for managers to face this challenge in order to allow the working of organization in a smooth manner. One prime importance of effective working relationships is the impact that these relationships can have on the productivity of organizations. If healthy relationships exist between managers and the working staff, the workers get their desired motivation and hence the productivity of an organization increases which is of course the central aim of every organization. On the other hand, poor working relationships can contribute to demotivation and employees can therefore hinder the progress at organizational level. This paper will take into account the role that managers can play in motivating employees and attempt to expl ain why I feel that managers can motivate employees. The managerial leadership can perform a key role in motivating employees. Managers can take a number of actions that can serve to improve the performance and hence result in enhanced outcomes of the activities of the organization (Lee, 2007). Since the actions taken by Managers can directly affect the lives and working pattern of employees, managers are in a position to motivate employees. The main driver of daily activities is the economic interest of individuals and organizations. Managers can work to align the economic interest of employees with the performance of organization (Kirkman et al, 1999). Provision of incentives that provide monetary compensation upon achievement of certain targets can be

Business Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 6

Business Law - Essay Example Most tribunals deal with cases that involve the rights of private citizens against the State. Many of these tribunals deal with issues that are central to the fight against social exclusion like for example, social security, child support and mental health. Tribunals are a large and important part of the justice system, that have, hitherto fore, not received the attention and recognition that they deserve. The progress of equal pay cases can be normally slow and complicated. Cases pertaining to jobs of equal value involve enormous number of claimants with a wide range of implications. Tribunals face a lot of difficulty in dealing with complex cases which involve expertise, because they will be forced to appoint an independent expert to prepare a detailed case study and evaluation report and this causes inordinate delays. Further these independent experts are not supplied with sufficient information and further, they do not possess the required authority to demand such information from the claimants. The tribunal cannot enforce any sanction on the experts in the case of delays and the availability and appointment of such independent experts also involves time. In addition, tribunals conceal the identity of the independent experts and this has the effect of discouraging claimants, to some extent, in providing complete information. In order to mitigate these problems, section 8(5) of the... d in order to streamline case management by making the rules easier and by engendering the early exchange of information, engagement of independent experts and by ensuring that information is given to them at the early stage of the proceedings1. Another problem consists of the fact that there are no plans to extend legal aid to people whose incomes are low and who are involved in the complex tribunal procedures. The situation obtaining at present is such that many people have to meet their own costs, and have to represent themselves, whilst many employers are represented by experienced barristers. This practice enables employers or their legal representatives to use the threat of costs to intimidate and deter those making an application to an employment tribunal. Tribunals cover a very wide range of important issues like health, employment, benefits, housing and immigration and people depend on them to protect their important basic rights. If tribunals are to provide effective justice then people bringing and defending cases before it must have access to low cost and informed legal aid. The government had initiated steps to ensure that tribunals meet the standards of independence and impartiality as required by the Human Rights Act. In Starrs and Chalmers v Procurator Fiscal2 the court decisions have confirmed that Employment Tribunals3 and School Admission and Exclusion Appeal Panels4 meet the required standards. Therefore, the government is of the firm belief that tribunals fully meet all the requirements of the populace and that no further changes should be required on that account. However, the government will take all necessary steps wherever the arrangements in any particular tribunal are found to be insufficient. Apart from the considerations of human rights,

Treatment Options for Fractured Bridge

Treatment Options for Fractured Bridge Case Study: Discuss the treatment options of a case that you have treatment planned as part of your ICEi clinical portfolio. Patient complaint: Had a bridge in upper left area which had fractured and wanted to enquire about the possibility of implant treatment to replace the teeth and close the gap . History of present condition: Patient had a bridge for years for his one front missing tooth , and had recently fractured the bridge .No pain or discomfort from the broken tooth and has left the gap as such .Patient also had tried dentures for his other missing teeth but was not able to get used to them. Patient wanted to explore the options to replace his front missing teeth, in particular with dental implants. Patient not in any discomfort, and did not report any other dental problems. Patients’ expectation from the treatment is to replace front teeth, so that they look, function and feel like his own teeth and can give him confidence to smile as before . Social History: Patient rarely consumes alcohol and is a non-smoker Low sugar intake in diet Medical History: High blood pressure Medications: Ramipril, Cardioplen (Felodipine) / Simvastatin Extra oral examination: No abnormality detected Intra oral examination Soft Tissue: The soft tissues intra-orally were in good health. Periodontal condition: Bleeding on probing at some areas and calculus in lower front teeth. Grade 1 mobility with LR1, LL1 teeth but the pocketing depth was within normal range. Patient had average oral hygiene. Teeth :Teeth and existing restorations and crowns were generally in good condition. Generalised mild attrition was noted. Missing teeth: UR8 UR7 UR6 UR5 UL3 UL6 UL7 UL8 LR7 LR6 LR5 LL5 LL6 LL7 Crowned teeth (PBC) UR4 UR3 UR2 UR1 UL2 Restored teeth UL5 LR8 LR4 LL8 restored with amalgam restoration LR8 LL8 drifted mesially. UL4 tooth was fractured which was an abutment for mesial cantilever bridge (UL3-pontic, UL4- retainer crown), No caries, minimal coronal tooth structure present Occlusion: Upper arch Kennedy’s Class 1, Modification 1, considering missing UL3. Lower arch Kennedys Class 3, Modification 1 relationship was present. Due to missing posterior teeth in both upper and lower arch, patient had an edge to edge bite No obvious canine guidance or group function on lateral movements. Lip / Smile line: Lip and smile lines were positioned in such a way that when smiling broadly some of the gum margins of teeth were seen. An average (Moderate) lip line was hence recorded.(Van der Geld, Oosterveld et al. 2011). Bone morphology on palpation: UL3 area was noted to have buccal bone defect on palpation. UL4 tooth was having good hard tissue height and width due to the presence of the tooth. Diagnostic tests: Radiographs taken: DPT x-ray was done to assess the alveolar bone levels Periapical X-ray UL34 was done to assess the quality and quantity of bone available for the implant fixture. Photographs: Front view (close up) to record the lip line Intraoral view of UL3, UL4 area Bone defect picture Diagnosis: Failed anterior cantilever bridge (UL3 pontic, UL4 retainer) UL4 fracture tooth (no caries minimal tooth to restore) Upper and Lower partially edentulous arches. Generalised chronic mild gingivitis Patient wishes: Patient prefers a fixed option for the gap in the front. Treatment planning, objectives and considerations: Treatment is indicated to restore aesthetics and function and would also benefit the patient psychologically to have confidence in his smile again (Lindsay, And et al. 7). Considering patient desires, specific objectives of the treatment should be to restore missing UL3 tooth and UL4 tooth with a fixed option. The bone around the fractured tooth (UL4) is adequate, and there is sufficient bone height and width to allow the restoration of implant fixture. However, the bone around the missing tooth (UL3) was inadequate with bony defect and would need bone grafting to aid the long-term stability of the fixture. This can also further help to improve aesthetic results after implant treatment. Risk factors / limitations: Fracture of buccal bone can occur during extraction of UL4. UL3 has been noted to have less adequate bone, the implant restoration may have a higher restoration margin than the natural teeth, and tooth might appear to emerge higher up the gum than the adjacent teeth. No posterior support present in the present compromised occlusion and risk of excessive load on implants and hence failure of implants due to biomechanical reason and occlusion overloading(Kim, Oh et al. 2). Lack of primary stability of implants and Implant failure. (Chrcanovic, Chrcanovic et al. 6). Treatment options for the replacement of the missing teeth are: No treatment Leave Gap UL3 (Kanno, Carlsson 2006),Leave alone UL4 Extraction of UL4 and partial dentures (Davenport, Basker et al. 2000). Bridge (Not advised in this case, considering UL2 heavily restored and not suitable as an abutment). (Anonymous 2007). Implant options : UL4 implant and mesial cantilever bridge with UL3 UL4 (Implant supported bridge), (Kim, Ivanovski et al. 2). b. UL4 implant supported crown and UL3 Implant supported crown with bone grafting in UL3 (Al-Khaldi, Sleeman et al. 2011). Advantages and Disadvantages of different treatment options : 1. Leave, accept gap / Leave alone fractured UL4 Advantages: No treatment required No surgery Accept gap, no cost Disadvantages: Unaesthetic Drifting / Tilting of adjacent teeth Function and phonetic compromised Continuous bone loss, making restoring site more challenging at later date. Development of occlusal interferences Risk of caries developing UL4 Risk of acute pain / swelling and infection UL4 2. Partial dentures Advantages: No surgery Low cost Few visits for treatments Disadvantages: May be unstable Food accumulation Does not prevent bone loss Tolerance can be difficult 3. Bridge work (Not advised / feasible in this case) Advantages: No surgery Low cost Few visits for treatments Teeth are fixed Disadvantages: Healthy teeth prepared for support, Risk of loss of vitality ,may need Root canal treatment or Extraction at later date . Food accumulation as difficult to floss Does not prevent bone loss High cost Fracture of bridge or any part of it , needs replacing with new bridge as difficult to repair . Implant options: a) UL4 implant and mesial cantilever bridge with UL3 UL4 (Implant supported bridge) Advantages: Less cost as one implant to be placed No bone grafting needed, one surgical visit would be less. Treatment completion would be early as no bone augmentation needed. Fixed prosthesis Prevent bone loss at UL4 site Disadvantages / Limitations: Risk of implant failure is high due to excessive occlusal load due to missing posterior support. Compromised aesthetic outcome for UL3 due to bone defect present. If bridge work fails, would then plan to put two implants as planned as the next option and hence further cost. Oral hygiene needs to be maintained. b) UL4 implant supported single crown and UL3 Implant supported single crown with bone grafting in UL3 area. Advantages: Fixed prosthesis Prevent further bone loss at UL3 UL4 sites. Better aesthetic results. Individual implants, easy to maintain oral hygiene. Risk of failure due to occlusal load decreases as forces divided on two fixtures. If an implant fails, they could be replaced or treated individually. Long term clinical data reveals that the prognosis for implant treatment is very high, in the region of 90-95%. (Pjetursson, Pjetursson et al. 6). Disadvantages / Limitations: More cost as two implants and bone augmentation required. One surgical appointment added and wait for bone material to mature and hence prolonged treatment time. Risk of implant fixtures failure to ossteointegrate. The success of implant treatment will mainly depend on the ability to maintain a very high level of oral hygiene and plaque control measures in the long term. Need to attend dentist at 3-6 monthly intervals to ensure good periodontal (gum) condition is maintained around your implant fixture and standing natural teeth. Provisional restoration options: No Provisional restoration or Denture Patient opted for No Provisional restoration Type of bone grafting options 🙠 Dib 2010) An osseous graft can be osteogenic, osteoinductive or osteoconductive agent. Osteogenic graft contains vital cells, which will contribute to new bone growth. Osteoinductive graft stimulates the differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells into osteoblasts due to the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). Osteoconductive graft will serve as a scaffold for new bone formation. Graft materials are also classifies as: Autograft bone, obtained from the same individual. Allograft bone, obtained from a different individual, but from the same species (Bone bank) Xenograft bone, obtained from different species (Bovine) Alloplast graft is made of synthetic materials. Patient had no reservation for xenograft and hence xenograft Bio-oss was agreed to be used. Patient information leaflet given on same. Treatment agreed and planned: From the options discussed and considering patients’ wishes , it was agreed to plan two individual implant retained single crowns with bone augmentation at UL3 site and it was proposed to do: Scale and polish Extract the UL4 tooth and Bone Graft UL3 area Place two implant UL3 and UL4 Fabricate new upper and lower partial dentures Maintenance instruction and regular follow up A report was sent to the patient with all the options written after the consultation and attached with a breakdown of the costs for consideration and consent to proceed. Reference list : AL-KHALDI, N., SLEEMAN, D. and ALLEN, F., 2011. Stability of dental implants in grafted bone in the anterior maxilla: longitudinal study. British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 49(4), pp. 319-323. ANONYMOUS, 2007. Long-term survival of complete crowns, fixed dental prostheses, and cantilever fixed prostheses with posts and cores on root canal-treated teeth. British Dental Journal, 203(9), pp. 523. DAVENPORT, J., BASKER, R., HEATH, J., RALPH, J. and GLANTZ, P., 2000. The removable partial denture equation. British Dental Journal, 189(8), pp. 414-24. DIB, M., 2010. Successful Bone Grafting. Oral Health, 100(4), pp. 106-107,109. KANNO, T. and CARLSSON, G.E., 2006. A review of the shortened dental arch concept focusing on the work by the Kà ¤yser/Nijmegen group. England: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. KIM, P., IVANOVSKI, S., LATCHAM, N. and MATTHEOS, N., 2. The impact of cantilevers on biological and technical success outcomes of implantà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ supported fixed partial dentures. A retrospective cohort study. Clinical oral implants research, 25(2), pp. 175; 175-184; 184. KIM, Y., OH, T., MISCH, C.E. and WANG, H., 2. Occlusal considerations in implant therapy: clinical guidelines with biomechanical rationale. Clinical oral implants research, 16(1), pp. 26; 26-35; 35. LINDSAY, S., AND, K. and JENNINGS, K., 7. The psychological benefits of dental implants in patients distressed by untolerated dentures. Psychology Health, 15(4), pp. 451; 451-466; 466. PJETURSSON, B.E., PJETURSSON, B.E., BRÄGGER, U., LANG, N.P. and ZWAHLEN, M., 6. Comparison of survival and complication rates of toothà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ supported fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) and implantà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ supported FDPs and single crowns (SCs). Clinical oral implants research, 18, pp. 97; 97-113; 113. VAN DER GELD, P., OOSTERVELD, P., SCHOLS, J. and KUIJPERS-JAGTMAN, A.M., 2011. Smile line assessment comparing quantitative measurement and visual estimation. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 139(2), pp. 174-180.

Firefighter Employment Scenario Essay

Although it’s not clear in the story whether an associates degree is a precondition for taking the exam, in your opinion, should a degree be a requirement to sit for the exam? Yes Why or why not? A Fire science degree should be a requirement to take the test. It shows that the fire fighter it trying to improve him or her self and become more knowledgeable of their craft. It also shows that they are committed to their career. Working and going to school is not an easy thing to do. Like the question states we do not know if the degree is required to sit the exam, if not stated as a requirements, then the degree should not be a factor in the selection process. Based on the fact that Doug and Sam earned the first and second highest test scores, is it a reasonable assumption that the city of Davis will add Doug and Sam to the certification list? Yes Why or why not? According to what we know of the information provided they should both be on the list. They have both meet the requirements to sit for the exam and scored the two best scores. Can the City successfully defend itself on the basis of â€Å"disparate impact?† Yes Why or why not? The city did will not effect anyone of a protected class, under Title VII Once disparate impact is established, the employer must justify the continued use of the procedure or procedures causing the adverse impact as a â€Å"business necessity.† Under what circumstances may racial discrimination be proved by â€Å"disparate impact?† One does not need to be direct about the discrimination. Example would be â€Å"Whites only need to apply†.

Franz Kafka s The Metamorphosis - 1014 Words

Franz Kafka’s The Metamorphosis (1914) is about the transformation of Gregor Samsa into a giant insect. His life has been miserable due to the fact that he works to meet the standard necessities of the family after his father has lost his business. Kafka implies that Gregor’s transformation is simply a manifestation of what he was already experiencing. It is a punishment for Gregor not having attempted to engage with others. Kafka’s main theme is alienation and he explores it passionately through Gregor’s introverted life before his transformation, the metamorphosis of the family’s treatment towards Gregor after he turned into an insect, and Gregor’s behaviour after his drastic change. According to the author, Gregor has always been an introvert. He would lock the door of his room and stay there and he would not even make any connection to anyone in his family, but her sister, Grete. Before his transformation, he would lock his door for priva cy (class notes). Gregor is a hard-working man and he has dedicated his life to his work even though he is unsatisfied with his job. He would often think about rebelling against his family, but he can’t quite grasp the idea of leaving them. His willingness of working tirelessly for the sake of his family proves that he loves them. It is proven that he is lacking human contact because he cuts out a picture of a model off a magazine and he hanged it on his wall (414). This means that he has no special someone to spend his life withShow MoreRelatedThe Metamorphosis Franz Kafka s Metamorphosis1663 Words   |  7 PagesIn The Metamorphosis Franz Kafka tells the story of a young man named Gregor who observes the radical changes in his life after transforming into an insect. Gregor’s life was centered on his job as a traveling salesperson and his family. One morning Gregor woke up transformed into an insect. Afraid of the transformation Gregor stays in his room and ignores calls from his family. 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Essay on Educational Goals and Philosophy - 1175 Words

Educational Goals and Philosophy As I prepare for my life long goal to be an educator, I continuously realize the complexity and great responsibility of this career. Instead of becoming overwhelmed and intimidated by these realizations, I try to concentrate my efforts on organizing my beliefs and goals. In this philosophy statement, I will display my beliefs and goals by discussing the nature of students, the nature of knowledge, the purpose of public education, methods, and curriculum. This is a beginning basis of my philosophy of education. To be a successful educator, it is imperative to understand the nature of students. Due to the great diversity in American schools today, I believe the teacher must try to discern each†¦show more content†¦Also, in physical geography, psychology, and sociology, there is absolute knowledge such as weather systems and patterns, and laws of interaction among individuals and groups of societies. 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